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Dynamic Voltage Restorer

Fast voltage sag protection for sensitive industrial loads across 208 V, 400 V and 690 V systems.

Rated Capacity:30 kVA–3 MVA
System Voltage:208 / 400 / 690 V
Frequency:50 / 60 Hz
Response Time:≤ 2 ms
Minimum Residual Voltage:0%
Support Duration:0.4–30 s / Custom
Millisecond-response voltage protection for semiconductor, precision manufacturing and other sensitive industrial loads.

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Product Introduction

Voltage sag is a sudden reduction in RMS voltage followed by a recovery to the normal level. It can be caused by short-circuit faults, lightning, large motor starting, line switching, or disturbances in the distribution system. Even a brief voltage sag can trip sensitive controllers, interrupt automated production lines, or shut down precision equipment.
The Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) continuously monitors the utility supply and rapidly supports the protected load when an abnormal voltage condition is detected. Using high-speed IGBT power conversion and energy storage, the DVR maintains the load-side voltage during deep voltage sags and short interruptions, helping sensitive industrial equipment continue operating without disruption.

Manufactured by Shanghai Wenzheng Electric Co., Ltd., the Winzpower DVR series is designed and configured for industrial voltage-sag protection according to system voltage, protected-load capacity, sag depth and required support duration.

How DVR Protects the Load During a Voltage Sag?

When a voltage sag is detected, the DVR rapidly isolates the disturbed grid path and transfers load support to the inverter. Energy from the supercapacitor-backed DC link is converted through the IGBT inverter to maintain the load-side voltage until the utility supply returns to normal.

DVR voltage sag protection showing reduced input voltage and restored load voltage

The protected load continues to receive a stable voltage even when the utility voltage drops sharply.

2ms Dynamic Voltage Recovery

At 50 Hz, one electrical cycle is 20 ms. When a voltage sag is detected, the DVR responds within 2 ms to restore the protected-load voltage while maintaining the correct waveform phase.

50 Hz grid input waveform showing a 70 percent voltage sag with 30 percent residual voltage — **Input Voltage (Grid):** The utility voltage drops by 70%, leaving only 30% of the nominal voltage amplitude during the sag event.

DVR output voltage waveform showing restoration to the nominal 50 Hz waveform within a 2 ms response interval — **Output Voltage (After DVR):** Following the short response interval, the DVR restores the protected load to the nominal 50 Hz waveform while the grid-side voltage sag continues.

Detailed 2 ms DVR response showing the transition from 30 percent residual voltage to the nominal 50 Hz waveform

What Happens During the 2 ms Response?

The voltage sag begins at the 20 ms zero crossing. During the response interval, the load briefly follows the sagged waveform at 30% of nominal amplitude.

At 22 ms, the DVR completes the transfer to inverter support and restores the output to the nominal 50 Hz waveform at the correct instantaneous phase.

At this point, the nominal waveform is approximately 0.588 p.u., compared with only 0.176 p.u. before recovery.

2 ms represents only 10% of one 50 Hz electrical cycle.

Illustrative 50 Hz waveform. Actual transient behavior depends on the system, load and project configuration.

Real DVR Installations

Field-installed DVR systems protecting sensitive semiconductor and precision manufacturing loads from voltage sags and short-duration power disturbances.

Dynamic Voltage Restorer commissioning in a semiconductor manufacturing facility

Semiconductor Manufacturing Facility — DVR Commissioning

On-site DVR commissioning for sensitive semiconductor production equipment, providing fast voltage sag protection and maintaining stable power to critical loads.

Dynamic Voltage Restorer installed in a semiconductor cleanroom environment

Semiconductor Cleanroom — DVR Installation

DVR installed in a semiconductor cleanroom environment to protect precision process equipment from deep voltage sags and short interruptions.

Project details are limited to protect customer confidentiality and sensitive production information.

Related DVR Case Studies & Selection Guide

2 × 1500 kVA DVR for wafer-level advanced packaging
500 kVA DVR for wafer and semiconductor testing
300 kVA DVR for semiconductor packaging and testing
DVR Selection & RFQ Guide — how to specify a DVR: the project information required for selection and quotation

DVR Operating Modes

The DVR uses different power paths for normal operation, voltage sag recovery, grid restoration and maintenance bypass. The diagrams below show how the static switch, DC link, supercapacitor and inverter work together in each operating state.

1.Online Standby Mode

Under normal grid conditions, utility power supplies the protected load through the static power path. The DC link remains energized and the supercapacitor bank stays charged, while the inverter remains synchronized and ready without carrying the main load power.

DVR online standby mode with normal utility power flow, charged supercapacitor and synchronized inverter

2.Dynamic Voltage Recovery Mode

Once a voltage sag reaches the protection threshold, the inverter immediately becomes the active source for the protected load. Energy stored in the supercapacitor bank is delivered through the DC link and IGBT inverter, maintaining the load-side voltage while the disturbed utility condition continues.

DVR voltage sag recovery mode with supercapacitor energy supplied through the DC link and IGBT inverter

3.Grid Recovery / Return-to-Normal Mode

When the utility voltage returns to an acceptable range, load supply is transferred back to the normal grid path. The inverter returns to standby and the charging circuit replenishes the DC link and supercapacitor bank, restoring the system to its ready state for the next disturbance.

DVR grid recovery mode with load supply returned to the utility and supercapacitor recharging

4.Manual Maintenance Bypass Mode

During scheduled maintenance, the manual bypass path can supply the protected load directly from the utility while the DVR power-conversion section is isolated for inspection or servicing. This maintenance bypass state is separate from the DVR’s automatic fail-safe bypass function.

DVR manual maintenance bypass mode with direct utility supply and isolated power-conversion section

Technical Parameters

The DVR is designed for fast protection of sensitive industrial loads against deep voltage sags and short-duration power disturbances. System capacity, protection duration and cabinet configuration can be selected according to the protected load and site conditions.

System & Voltage Sag Protection
Rated Voltage	208 V / 400 V / 690 V
Rated Capacity	30 kVA – 3 MVA, depending on system voltage
Input Frequency	50 / 60 Hz ±10%
Minimum Residual Voltage	0%
Voltage Sag Protection	Single-phase, two-phase and three-phase voltage sag
Support Duration	≥400 ms standard; 0.4–30 s project configurable; other durations subject to project confirmation
Continuous Sag Protection	Supported, subject to event profile and energy-storage sizing
Inverter & Load Output
Response Time	≤ 2 ms
Voltage Setting Time	1 – 5 ms
Output Frequency	50 / 60 Hz ±1%
Output Voltage Distortion	THDu < 2.5% under linear load conditions
Voltage Unbalance	< 3% with 100% unbalanced load
Inverter Overload	150% for 30 s
Protection Current	200%
Permissible Motor Load	Up to 50% of rated DVR capacity
Grid & System Performance
System Efficiency	Up to 99.2%
Grid-Side Overload Capability	150% for 60 s / 500% for 1 s / 2000% for 200 ms
Overvoltage Category	Category III
Energy Storage
Energy Storage	Supercapacitor
Recharge Time	< 45 s
Charge Cycle Life	> 500,000 cycles
Design Life	> 20 years at 25°C
Fail-Safe Bypass
Bypass Overload Capability	500% for 30 s
Contactor Closing Time	20 ms
Breaker Closing Time	80 ms, optional
Monitoring & Communication
Line-Voltage Inspection Cycle	50 μs
Event Log Resolution	1 ms
Measurement Method	Half-cycle RMS according to IEC 61000-4-30
HMI	10-inch graphic TFT color display
Communication	Modbus/TCP (Ethernet), RS485; GPRS / remote communication optional by configuration
Operating Environment
Operating Temperature	−25°C to +45°C; 2% capacity derating per °C above 40°C
Relative Humidity	< 95%, non-condensing
Installation Altitude	0–3000 m; 1% capacity derating per 100 m above 2000 m
Protection Class	IP21 / IP23, other protection classes optional
IEC Pollution Degree	2
Noise	< 60 dB

Technical specifications may vary with system voltage, protected-load capacity, required sag depth and support duration. Final ratings and system configuration are confirmed according to project requirements.

Manufacturer & Certification

Manufacturer & CE Certification Details
Manufacturer	Shanghai Wenzheng Electric Co., Ltd.
Product	Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR)
Certification	CE Certified — LVD & EMC
EU Directives	LVD 2014/35/EU EMC 2014/30/EU
Certificate / Verification No.	ICR/VC/HM2604169
Applicable Standards	EN IEC 62477-1:2023+AC:2024 EN IEC 61000-6-2:2019 EN IEC 61000-6-4:2019 EN 61000-4-34:2007+A2:2025
Issue Date	14 Apr 2026
Expiry Date	13 Apr 2031

CE certification applies to the DVR product types listed in the certification document. Commercial model numbers used on this page provide additional voltage, capacity and wiring information for project selection.

Certifications & Quality Management

CE certification for Winzpower Dynamic Voltage Restorer manufactured by Shanghai Wenzheng Electric Co., Ltd.

CE Certification — LVD & EMC

ISO 9001 Quality Management System

Models & Selection Guide

DVR model selection is based on system voltage and protected-load capacity. Voltage sag depth and support duration are configured according to the application requirements and site conditions.

Model format: DVR-[Rated Capacity]-[Voltage Class]-3P4L

Commercial model numbers are structured for project selection by capacity, system voltage and wiring. CE Product Types use a separate certification code based on input/output phase configuration and rated capacity.

Commercial Model: DVR-500-0.4-3P4L
CE Product Type: DVR33500
Meaning: 3-phase input / 3-phase output / 500 kVA

In the CE Product Type code, 33 means 3-phase input / 3-phase output, and the following digits identify rated capacity in kVA. The CE Product Type does not encode the commercial model’s voltage class; 0.208, 0.4 and 0.69 continue to identify the system voltage in the commercial model.

1.208 V DVR Series

Three-phase, four-line configuration for 208 V power systems.

Commercial Model	Capacity	Rated Current	CE Product Type
DVR-30-0.208-3P4L	30 kVA	83 A	DVR33030
DVR-50-0.208-3P4L	50 kVA	139 A	DVR33050
DVR-75-0.208-3P4L	75 kVA	208 A	—
DVR-100-0.208-3P4L	100 kVA	278 A	DVR33100
DVR-150-0.208-3P4L	150 kVA	416 A	DVR33150
DVR-300-0.208-3P4L	300 kVA	833 A	DVR33300
DVR-500-0.208-3P4L	500 kVA	1388 A	DVR33500
DVR-750-0.208-3P4L	750 kVA	2082 A	—
DVR-1000-0.208-3P4L	1000 kVA	2776 A	DVR331000

CE Product Type is shown where the rated capacity corresponds to a DVR33-series product type listed in the current CE certification document. “—” indicates that this commercial capacity is not separately listed under the current certificate product-type list; it does not change the availability of the commercial model.

2.400 V DVR Series

Three-phase, four-line configuration for 400 V industrial power systems.

Commercial Model	Capacity	Rated Current	CE Product Type
DVR-30-0.4-3P4L	30 kVA	43 A	DVR33030
DVR-50-0.4-3P4L	50 kVA	72 A	DVR33050
DVR-75-0.4-3P4L	75 kVA	108 A	—
DVR-100-0.4-3P4L	100 kVA	144 A	DVR33100
DVR-200-0.4-3P4L	200 kVA	288 A	DVR33200
DVR-300-0.4-3P4L	300 kVA	432 A	DVR33300
DVR-500-0.4-3P4L	500 kVA	720 A	DVR33500
DVR-750-0.4-3P4L	750 kVA	1080 A	—
DVR-1000-0.4-3P4L	1000 kVA	1440 A	DVR331000
DVR-1250-0.4-3P4L	1250 kVA	1800 A	—
DVR-1500-0.4-3P4L	1500 kVA	2160 A	DVR331500
DVR-2000-0.4-3P4L	2000 kVA	2800 A	DVR332000

3.690 V DVR Series

Three-phase, four-line configuration for high-capacity 690 V industrial systems.

Commercial Model	Capacity	Rated Current	CE Product Type
DVR-300-0.69-3P4L	300 kVA	≈251 A	DVR33300
DVR-500-0.69-3P4L	500 kVA	≈418 A	DVR33500
DVR-750-0.69-3P4L	750 kVA	≈628 A	—
DVR-1000-0.69-3P4L	1000 kVA	≈837 A	DVR331000
DVR-1250-0.69-3P4L	1250 kVA	≈1046 A	—
DVR-1500-0.69-3P4L	1500 kVA	≈1255 A	DVR331500
DVR-2000-0.69-3P4L	2000 kVA	≈1674 A	DVR332000
DVR-3000-0.69-3P4L	3000 kVA	≈2510 A	—

Rated current values are based on the nominal three-phase system voltage. Final DVR configuration, cabinet arrangement and energy-storage capacity depend on the required residual voltage protection level and support duration.

Protection Configuration

The DVR base model defines capacity, voltage class and wiring only. Support duration and compensation depth are project-specific configuration items and are not included in the model code.

Selection Item	Configuration
Support Duration	Standard configuration: ≥400 ms
Extended / Project-Configured Duration	0.4–30 s; other or special durations subject to project confirmation
Minimum Residual Voltage	Project-defined, down to 0%
Required Sag Depth	Project-defined according to site conditions
Sag Type	Single-phase / two-phase / three-phase
Continuous Sag Events	Supported, subject to event profile and energy-storage sizing

Residual voltage is the voltage remaining during a sag: 70% voltage sag corresponds to 30% residual voltage, and 100% voltage sag corresponds to 0% residual voltage.

DVR selection should be based on: System Voltage → Protected Load Capacity → Minimum Residual Voltage → Required Support Duration

Example — 400 V / 500 kVA / 30% residual voltage / 1 s support duration

Base model: DVR-500-0.4-3P4L

Project configuration: 70% voltage sag protection / 30% residual voltage / 1 s support duration

Support duration and compensation depth are project configuration items and are not part of the model code. Longer or special support durations are confirmed per project.

DVR Architecture Comparison

Different voltage-sag protection systems use different methods to maintain load voltage. The comparison below highlights the main architectural differences between stored-energy DVR systems and series-injection voltage compensation systems.

1.Winzpower DVR — Stored-Energy Inverter Support

Architecture	High-speed static switching, DC link, supercapacitor bank and IGBT inverter
Energy Source During Sag	Stored energy from the supercapacitor bank
Protection Method	The disturbed grid path is isolated and the inverter actively supports the protected load
Residual Voltage Capability	Configurable down to 0% residual voltage
Response Time	≤ 2 ms
Support Duration	Configurable according to project requirements

2.ABB PCS100 AVC-40 — Series Voltage Injection

Architecture	Voltage-source inverter with series-connected injection transformer
Energy Storage	No battery or dedicated energy-storage system required
Energy Source During Sag	Correction energy is drawn from the connected utility supply
Protection Method	A correction voltage is injected in series with the utility voltage
Sag Correction Response	Initial response < 250 μs; complete correction < half a cycle
Published Sag Correction Capability	Up to 40% correction, model dependent

3.Schneider PowerLogic DVR — Series Compensation

Architecture	Rectifier, inverter, static bypass and booster transformer
Energy Storage	No batteries or dedicated energy-storage components required
Energy Source During Sag	Compensation energy is taken directly from the power line
Protection Method	The inverter generates a compensating voltage through the booster transformer
Response Time	< 3 ms
Published Sag Capability	Model-dependent three-phase sag correction; up to 60% sag models are available

Key architectural difference: Winzpower DVR uses stored energy to support the protected load during deep voltage disturbances, while series-injection systems mainly generate a corrective voltage using energy taken from the remaining utility supply.

Product capabilities shown for ABB and Schneider are based on their published technical documentation. Available configurations and ratings may vary by model and project.

Where DVR Is Used

DVR systems are intended for industrial loads that cannot tolerate even short-duration voltage sags or interruptions. They are particularly useful where a brief disturbance can trip control systems, stop production, damage work-in-process, or require a lengthy restart.

1.Semiconductor Manufacturing

Wafer fabs and semiconductor process equipment are highly sensitive to short voltage sags. A disturbance lasting only a few cycles can affect vacuum and process tools and precision production equipment, interrupt the process sequence and put work-in-process at risk. Protection is applied at the load level to keep the process running through the disturbance.

2.Precision Electronics

SMT lines, PCB production and display manufacturing depend on a stable supply for process control and positioning accuracy. Electronic test and inspection equipment and precision assembly stations can produce failed results or scrap when the voltage drops. DVR protection is applied to the sensitive loads on these lines.

3.Automated Production Lines

Automated production lines built around PLCs, servo drives, robotics, CNC machines and assembly stations are interrupted when a short sag drops out contactors or trips drives. Even if the supply recovers quickly, the line may need a full restart sequence, with lost output and material waste during recovery.

4.Continuous Process Industries

Petrochemical, pharmaceutical, chemical processing and coating plants run continuous processes in which a short supply disturbance can interrupt the process, affect product quality or force an unplanned shutdown. Restarting a continuous process is slow and expensive, so protection is concentrated on the loads that carry the process.

5.Data & Control Systems

Industrial control rooms, data acquisition systems, automation control networks and critical control infrastructure must remain available while the plant is running. A short sag can interrupt controllers, monitoring and communication functions even when the production load is still connected, so these systems are protected against disturbance rather than total outage.

6.High-Value Continuous Manufacturing

In processes where a short voltage sag causes scrap or batch loss, an unplanned stop resets the process and extends restart time. High-value materials and long process cycles make the loss from a single event significant, so the required compensation depth and support duration are set by the process tolerance.

What Causes Voltage Sags?

Voltage sags can originate from utility-side disturbances as well as from events inside an industrial facility. Common causes include short-circuit faults, lightning, large motor starting, network switching, and accidental damage to the power distribution system.

1.Short-Circuit & Grid Faults

Most voltage sags start as a short circuit somewhere on the network. A fault in distribution equipment, or a fault on a transmission or distribution line, causes a temporary voltage drop that spreads to other connected loads until the fault is cleared.

2.Lightning & Severe Weather

Lightning, heavy rain and strong wind can damage overhead lines or break down line insulation, producing line-to-ground or line-to-line faults. The fault current then causes a voltage sag that is seen by other loads on the same network.

3.Large Motor Starting

Large motors draw a high starting current for several seconds while accelerating. On a limited supply, this current causes a temporary voltage reduction on the local power system, which can affect other loads fed from the same busbar.

4.Line Switching & Network Operations

Feeder switching, transformer or distribution switching and network reconfiguration are routine operations on the utility side. Each switching action changes the network impedance and can cause a short voltage dip, particularly when a transformer or a heavily loaded feeder is switched in.

External & Accidental Events

Construction work can damage buried or overhead power lines, and traffic accidents can bring down poles and cables. Human operating errors and animals entering electrical equipment or distribution rooms also cause faults, with the same result: a voltage sag across the network.

Because many voltage sag events originate outside the protected facility, they cannot always be prevented at the source. For sensitive industrial loads, the practical objective is therefore to prevent the disturbance from interrupting the process.

Why Voltage Sags Matter in Industrial Facilities

A voltage sag may last only a fraction of a second, but sensitive industrial equipment can react much faster than the utility supply recovers. The resulting trip, reset or process interruption can create downtime and production losses far beyond the duration of the electrical event itself.

Controller & PLC Trips

PLCs, industrial controllers and the control power supplies that feed them are referenced to the supply voltage. When that voltage drops, a controller may trip, reset or lose its logic state. Protection relays can reset as well, so the machine stops even though the disturbance itself lasts only a few cycles.

VFD & Servo Drive Shutdown

Variable frequency drives and servo drives rectify the incoming supply to a DC bus. A sag pulls that bus voltage down, and the drive may reach its undervoltage protection threshold and shut down to protect the power stage. Even when the supply recovers at once, the drive may need a manual restart.

Contactor Dropout

Contactor coils and control relays hold their contacts closed with the supply voltage. During a sag the coil voltage falls, the magnetic force drops and the contactor can release. The main circuit then opens, and because the control circuit has already lost its state, the machine does not continue automatically when the voltage returns.

Automated Line Interruption

Robotics, CNC machines and automated assembly lines depend on position feedback and a fixed sequence of operations. A brief sag can interrupt that sequence, leaving the line waiting for a signal that never arrives. Recovery normally means resetting the line, re-homing the axes and restarting the process from a safe position.

Semiconductor & Precision Manufacturing Loss

In wafer processing, precision electronics and display manufacturing, the product in progress is often more sensitive than the equipment around it. An interruption of only a few cycles can disturb a process step, and the affected wafer, batch or work-in-process may have to be scrapped rather than reworked.

Process Reset & Long Restart Time

Continuous processes such as petrochemical, pharmaceutical, coating and chemical production cannot be stopped and restarted instantly. The sag itself lasts only tens or hundreds of milliseconds, but recovery may require a controlled shutdown, purging, reheating, calibration and product checks that take several minutes or longer.

For high-value or continuous production processes, the cost of a voltage sag is therefore determined not only by the sag duration, but by the resulting process interruption, material loss and restart time.

Dynamic Voltage Restorer FAQ

What does a 70% voltage sag mean?

Voltage sag depth is calculated from the voltage lost, while residual voltage is the voltage remaining. Sag depth = 1 − residual voltage (p.u.). A 70% voltage sag therefore leaves 30% residual voltage. On a 400 V system that is approximately 120 V residual line voltage; on a 208 V system it is approximately 62 V. Protection is specified by the minimum residual voltage the DVR can ride through, equivalently the maximum voltage-sag depth.

Can the DVR protect the load when residual voltage falls to 0%?

Yes. The DVR can be configured for protection down to 0% residual voltage, which represents the most severe short-duration condition — a complete collapse of the supply voltage. In that case the inverter supplies the protected load entirely from the supercapacitor bank, so the achievable protection time depends on the DVR rating and the configured support duration. This is a short-duration voltage sag function rather than continuous UPS-style backup; an application that must ride through a sustained outage has to be specified with the appropriate support duration.

What does the ≤2 ms DVR response time mean?

A 50 Hz cycle lasts 20 ms, so a 2 ms response time corresponds to about 10% of one cycle. Within 2 ms, the DVR detects the voltage sag, isolates the disturbed grid path, and restores the protected-load voltage through synchronized inverter support. Because this protection action finishes inside the cycle, the output voltage is restored at the correct instantaneous phase instead of at an arbitrary point in the waveform. This fast transition helps sensitive drives, controllers and contactors ride through short disturbances, subject to their voltage tolerance and the configured DVR rating.

How long can the DVR support the protected load?

The standard protection duration is ≥400 ms. Project-configured durations are available from 0.4 s to 30 s, while other or special durations are subject to project confirmation. Support duration is not encoded in the base model number: the model defines voltage class, capacity and wiring only. Longer support durations require more stored energy, which means a larger supercapacitor bank and a different cabinet configuration, which is why support duration and compensation depth are treated as project configuration items.

Why does this DVR use supercapacitors instead of batteries?

Voltage sag protection is a short-duration, high-power duty: the DVR must deliver a large current almost immediately, for hundreds of milliseconds rather than hours. Supercapacitors suit that profile, with fast power delivery, a charge cycle life of more than 500,000 cycles, a recharge time below 45 s and a design life of more than 20 years at 25°C. They reduce the dependence on battery-style energy storage, whose cycle life and replacement interval are matched to a different duty — long outage backup rather than repeated deep sag events.

Can the DVR protect against single-phase and unbalanced voltage sags?

Yes. The DVR supports single-phase, two-phase and three-phase voltage sags and can handle unbalanced voltage disturbances. The protection actually available at a site is defined during configuration, where sag depth, protected load capacity and system wiring are reviewed together. Unbalanced or weak-supply conditions are therefore worth describing when the rating is selected, instead of being assumed to be covered unconditionally by every configuration.

Is a DVR the same as a UPS?

No. Under normal conditions the utility supplies the protected load through the DVR’s static power path while the inverter remains synchronized and ready. When a voltage sag or short interruption occurs, the DVR intervenes and supports the load from stored energy. Its design target is short-duration power quality disturbance. A UPS typically provides continuously conditioned power and is configured with batteries sized for longer power interruptions. Which solution is appropriate depends on whether the requirement is voltage sag protection or long-duration outage backup.

How is this stored-energy DVR different from a series-injection AVC or DVR?

The difference is architectural. This DVR uses high-speed static switching, a DC link, a supercapacitor bank and an IGBT inverter: the disturbed grid path is isolated and the inverter actively supports the protected load from stored energy, with protection configurable down to 0% residual voltage. Series-injection AVC or DVR systems inject a corrective voltage in series with the utility voltage and generally use the remaining grid voltage as their primary energy source. The two approaches have different limits, so the suitable choice depends on sag depth, required support duration and the load being protected.

How do I select the correct DVR capacity and configuration?

Selection follows the sequence used in this page: system voltage → protected load capacity → minimum residual voltage → required support duration. Useful project information includes system voltage and frequency, protected load kVA, wiring and phase configuration, minimum expected residual voltage, required support duration, load type and any motor or non-linear load proportion. The DVR should be sized for the sensitive load that actually needs protection rather than for the total transformer capacity of the plant, since protecting the whole plant usually results in an oversized configuration.

Can the DVR handle repeated voltage sag events?

Yes. Repeated or continuous sag events can be supported, subject to the event profile and energy-storage sizing, and the supercapacitor bank recharges in less than 45 s. That capability is not unlimited in frequency: the achievable repetition interval depends on sag depth, sag duration, the time between events, the protected load and the selected energy storage configuration. Where repeated or high-frequency sags are part of normal site conditions, the actual disturbance profile should be provided during configuration so that the storage capacity and cabinet arrangement are matched to the real event pattern.

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